대한민국의 미래를 디자인하는 글로벌 집현전경제ㆍ인문사회연구회

주요내용

요약/내용

1. 연구 배경 및 필요성
지난 3년 동안 대한민국 국민들은 예측할 수 없었던 코로나 팬데믹 상황 속에서 개인은 물론 국
가체계 모두 중대한 위기에 직면하게 되었다. 이러한 어려운 상황에서 대한민국 정부는 코로나
19 팬데믹이 사회･경제에 미치는 부정적 영향력을 최소화하기 위해 다양한 대응책을 시행해 왔
으며 현재는 일상으로의 회복을 위해 노력 중이다. 이러한 큰 변화의 물결 속에서 경제･인문사회
연구회(이하 경인사)는 급격한 사회경제적 변화가 국민들의 행태와 생활양식에 미치는 영향력에
주목하며 소속 정부출연 연구기관들과 함께, 포스트 코로나 시대에 대비하는 연구를 수행하기 위
해 노력하고 있다.
그러나 경인사 소속연구기관들은 국가정책을 선도하고 국민들에게 국가의 미래의 비전을 선제
적으로 제시해야하는 의무를 가지고 있음에도 불구하고 지난 3년 가까이 이어져 온 팬데믹으로
야기된 예측하지 못한 사회변화에 대응하는 과정에서 국민들의 정책적 수요에 대한 정확한 파악
이 부족한 상황에서 국책연구기관들의 연구수행을 진행해 왔다는 지적을 받고 있다.
경인사 소속 연구기관들이 국민들의 요구와 수요에 대해 무반응으로 대처한 것은 아니다. 각
연구기관들은 자체적으로 일반 국민 대상 설문조사 등을 활용하여 관련 연구 분야에 대한 국민들
의 인식을 파악해 왔으며 이와 동시에 정부부처와 관련 분야 전문가 및 학계 등으로부터 향후 연
구과제 개발을 위한 자체적인 시스템을 진행해 왔다. 하지만, 국민들의 의견과 전문가 및 부처의
의견 수렴에 있어 체계적인 과정 설계 속에서 이루어지기 보다는 소수의 의견 제안과 의견의 일부
를 반영하는 과정을 반복해 왔다. 이와 같은 지엽적인 연구 수요 조사 및 연구주제 발굴은 코로나
19 팬데믹과 같이 예측 불가능한 상황 속에 국민들이 겪고 있는 문제와 정책 수요를 충분히 인지
하지 못하는 문제를 가지고 있다.
이에 경인사는 2020년 ‘대국민종합요구조사’를 시작으로, 경인사 소속연구기관이 매년 실시하
고 있는 신규과제발굴을 위한 자체적인 노력과는 별개로 국민들의 사회변화에 대한 반응과 의견
등을 과학적 방법을 통해 수집하고 분석하여 실질적인 국민의 목소리가 연구기관들의 연구 수행
에 반영될 수 있도록 발굴 과정을 체계적으로 수립할 수 있는 독립연구를 진행하고 있다.
그 결과 2020년부터 시작된 대국민종합요구조사는 2021년, 2022년 그리고 2023년, 올해까
지 4년 동안 수행해 오며, 경인사 소속 연구기관들의 전문성과 국민들의 수요가 융합된 연구주제
제1절 연구배경 및 목적4 2023 정책연구 국민수요조사
를 과학적 연구방법론을 통해 객관성을 확보하고 실효성 있는 연구 주제들을 지속적으로 발굴했
다는 차원에서 본 연구의 필요성이 인정되고 있다.
지난 3년간의 연구 성과는 크게 두 시기로 구분하여 평가할 수 있다. 초창기 2020년과 2021년
도 대국민요구조사는 경인사 소속의 연구기관들이 참여하는 수시협동과제로 수행되었다. 2020
년 연구의 경우, 당시 정책요구와 26개 출연기관의 연구 범위를 포괄할 수 있는 설문조사 분야 및
설문 문항 설계를 통해 국민들의 요구를 광범위하게 수집 할 수 있는 연구방법론 설계에 그 초점
이 맞추어졌다. 2020년 연구에서는 경제, 사회, 환경 및 정책 평가로 구분하고 ‘신뢰･공정’, ‘경
제’, ‘사회정책’, ‘교육’, ‘법･인권 및 통일’, ‘환경부문’, ‘정책평가’, ‘정부출연 연구기관’ 등 총8개
의 세부 분야에 대해 일반국민을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하였다(2020 대국민종합요구조사,
2020). 이러한 광범위한 설문조사 분석 결과와 빅데이터 분석 결과를 종합하여 2020년 연구에서
는 당시 정부정책 방향성과 국민들의 요구 간의 차이 등을 도출하는 등의 성과를 나타내었다. 또
한 이러한 상향식 연구 주제 도출 조사방식이 단발성이 아닌 매년 혹은 주기를 가지고 진행될 필
요가 있다는 연구의 필요성에 대한 합의를 이끌어 내었다.
2021년 대국민종합요구 조사는 이전 연구의 성과를 기반으로 좀 더 체계적인 연구설계를 실시
하여 국민들의 인식 및 행태 변화를 분석하기 위한 융합적인 조사연구가 진행되었다. 2021년도
조사에서는 코로나19 팬데믹 상황 속 경제사회 변화와 함께, 미국과 일본의 정책 변화를 분석하
고 국내 정책에 주는 시사점을 도출하였다. 이와 함께, 2020년도 설문조사를 확장시켜 ‘경제 양
극화’, ‘일자리’, ‘ 4차산업혁명’, ‘저출산 및 고령화’, ‘보건 및 의료’ 등 국민들이 일상생활에서 직
면하는 사회경제적 문제들을 중심으로 세부 설문 분야를 설계하였다(2021 대국민종합요구조사,
2021). 2021년 연구는, 생애주기별 정책 요구 변화 조사에 대한 연구 주제 도출을 통해 경인사
소속 연구기관들이 협동할 수 있는 융합 연구 주제 도출을 가시화하는 성과를 이끌어 냈다는 평가
를 받고 있다.
2020년도와 2021년도 연구를 거치면서, 설문조사 내용 및 조사방식에 있어 질적과 양적분석
을 융합한 연구 설계를 통해 국민들의 수요를 반영할 수 있는 연구 주제 발굴 과정(process)을 체
계적으로 설계했다는 긍정적인 평가를 얻은 동시에, 설문조사 분석 결과가 단순히 국민들의 인식
과 요구를 1차원적으로 파악하는 수준에 그쳐 경인사 소속 26개 연구기관들이 수행할 수 있는 다
양한 연구주제 발굴에는 그 성과가 못 미친다는 부정적인 평가가 공존하였다.
2022년 대국민종합요구조사는 국민수요 기반 연구주제 도출이라는 목적에 좀 더 근접하기 위
해 수시협동연구가 아닌 한국행정연구원의 수탁과제로 진행되어 연구의 방향성이 수정된 첫해이
다. 2022년 연구에서는 지난 2년 동안의 연구 성과와 한계를 분석하고 이를 통해 국민의 정책요
구를 과학적으로 파악하고 수렴하여 국가 아젠다 발굴 및 정책기획에 기여 할 수 있는 체계적인 제1장 서론 5
연구방법론 구축과 국민의 눈높이를 반영한 설문조사표 작성에 대한 필요성이 대두되었다. 이에
2022년 연구에서는 국민들의 ‘니즈(needs)’ 분석에 부합하는 연구방법을 설계하였다. 이전 연구
에서 개별적으로 실시되었던 질적과 양적분석을 혼합방법론(Mixed methodology)개념을 적극
적으로 도입하여 두 연구방법론을 융합하였다. 이를 통해 질적 연구방법론을 통해 국민들이 민감
하게 반응하는 사회･경제적 변화 양상을 분석하고 결과를 기반으로 설문조사 설계를 진행했다.
또한, 설문조사 분야와 조사항목 설계 모두 ‘대국민’의 반응에 초점을 맞추었으며 설문결과를 기
반으로 정부 및 학계 전문가 의견을 융합하여 분야별 연구주제뿐만 아니라 연구기관들이 합동으
로 수행할 수 있는 융합연구 주제를 최초로 도출하였다.
2022년도 연구의 가장 큰 성과를 요약하자면, 포스트코로나 시대를 대비하기 위한 국민들의
인식변화를 파악하고 이를 반영한 연구과제 발굴 및 정책개발에 필요한 기초자료를 체계적으로
구축하는 성과를 이끌어 냈다는 것이다. 그러나 지나치게 세분화 된 설문분야 설계로 인해 국민들
이 이해하기 어려운 설문 문항이 설계되었다는 과제 또한 함께 나타나게 되었다.
이러한 성과와 과제는 2023년 연구 수행에 있어 새로운 방향성을 설정하는데 밑거름이 되었
다. 특히, 2023년도 과제는 ‘대국민종합수요조사’ 가 아닌 ‘정책연구 국민수요조사’라는 새로운
명칭으로 과제가 수행되었으며 이는 본 과제를 통해 국민들이 몸소 체험하고 있는 사회경제적 문
제에 대해 과학적 연구 설계를 통해 실효성 높은 연구주제를 발굴하고 이를 정책과제로 연계하는
연구목적의 이행의 필요성을 강조하고 있다.
2. 연구의 목적
2023년 정책연구 국민수요조사는 다음과 같은 새로운 연구의 목표를 지향한다. 첫째, 현재 국
민들의 주요 관심 이슈와 관련된 정책 분야를 선별하고 각 분야에 대한 국민들의 인식을 정확하게
측정할 수 있는 새로운 설문조사 방식 도입을 실행한다. 둘째, 새로운 설문조사 방식의 도입과 함
께, 설문조사 결과를 연구과제로 도출하는 과정에 대한 고도화 작업의 필요성에 대응한다. 마지
막으로, 연구 결과 확산을 위해 조사결과와 정부 및 학계 전문가들 의견을 융합하여 경인사 소속
연구기관들이 협동 연구를 할 수 있는 실효성 있는 연구 주제 발굴하고 이에 대한 진행 로드맵을
제시한다.
이러한 목표를 달성하기 위해 본 연구는 가장먼저, 지난 3년 동안의 대국민종합요구 조사 체
계, 문항 및 연구방법을 개선하여 포스트 코로나 시대의 국내외 경제사회적 변화에 대응하는 국민
들의 인식 및 행태의 변화를 과학적으로 분석을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이와 같은 연구목적을 달성6 2023 정책연구 국민수요조사
하기 위해 가장 먼저 국민들의 수요 및 이슈를 정확히 반영할 수 있는 질적 연구 분석 방식을 구축
하고 그 결과를 기반으로 국민의 정책적 수요가 적극적으로 반영된 설문 조사표를 설계하고 설문
조사의 조사결과에 대한 신뢰성을 향상시키고자 하였다.
둘째, 본 연구는 국민뿐만 아니라 정부가 필요로 하는 연구주제 및 방향을 선제적으로 발굴 할
수 있는 체계적인 조사연구 실행을 추구하고자 한다. 양적 및 질적 분석 결과를 기반으로 발굴된
연구주제와 정책 수요 주제 등을 기반으로 전문가들의 견해를 접목해 향후 경인사 소속 연구기관
들이 실행할 수 있는 활용도 높은 연구주제 발굴하였다. 이와 함께, 본 연구에서 실행한 질적 및
양적 조사 결과에 대해 경인사 소속 연구기관들에게 원자료를 제공하고 각 연구기관들이 차년도
연구기획 과정에서 기초자료로 활용할 수 있는 기초자료 제공을 목적으로 하고 있다.
마지막으로, 본 연구는 향후 10년 이상 지속할 수 있는 연구기틀 마련할 수 있는 체계적인 연
구과정 구축과 데이터 활용방안을 구축을 추구한다. 지난 3년간의 설문조사 방식과는 달리 올해
국민들의 반응이 민감했던 이슈들을 중심으로 설문분야와 조사항목을 설계하고 이 설계 방식을
향후 연구에서 활용 할 수 있도록 체계화 작업을 추진한다. 이슈 중심의 데이터 축적과 분석은 현
정권의 집권 동안 나타나는 이슈별 국민들의 인식변화를 추적하고 이를 기반으로 선제적으로 국
민들의 요구에 대응할 수 있는 정책과제 수립에 대한 과학적 기반을 제공을 실현 시킬 수 있을 것
이다

목차

제1장 서론
제1절 연구배경 및 목적 ·········································································································3
1. 연구 배경 및 필요성 ·············································································································3
2. 연구의 목적 ··························································································································5
제2절 주요 연구내용 ··············································································································7
1. 2022 대국민종합요구조사 성과와 한계 ················································································7
2. 2023 정책연구 국민수요조사 주요 연구내용 ········································································8
제3절 연구 방법 ···················································································································10
1. 연구 방법 ····························································································································10
2. 기대효과 ·····························································································································11
제2장 질적조사: 텍스트 분석
제1절 질적조사 개요 ············································································································15
1. 텍스트 분석의 의의 ············································································································15
2. 텍스트 분석 방법 ················································································································16
3. 텍스트 분석자료 ··················································································································17
제2절 토픽모델링 분석 결과 ································································································22
1. 토픽모델링의 추정과 최적화 ·······························································································22
2. 토픽모델링 주요 주제 ·········································································································24
3. 주제 간 상관관계 분석 ·······································································································32
4. 주제의 등장과 시간, 매체와의 관계분석 ·············································································34
경제 ･ 인문사회연구회제3절 설문조사 분야 및 조사표 작성 개요 ··········································································37
1. 디지털 시대경제의 변화와 노동 시장 ·················································································37
가. 중소기업과 신산업의 육성 ·····································································································38
나. 미래동력산업의 성장 및 발전 ································································································38
다. 글로벌 경제 침체에 따른 국내경제 불안 ···············································································39
라. 노동시장의 변혁 ····················································································································39
2. 인구감소 시대의 지역문제: 지역소멸 대응과 지방자치 ·······················································40
가. 인구감소에 따른 지역소멸 대응 정책 ····················································································40
나. 지속가능한 지역개발 정책 ·····································································································41
다. 지역 주민의 삶의 질 향상 ····································································································42
라. 지역소멸 위기의 지방자치 방향 ····························································································42
3. 학령인구 감소 시대의 교육의 위기와 기회 ·········································································43
가. 교육제도 학력 양극화 극복을 위한 노력 ···············································································44
나. 맞춤형 인재양성을 위한 교육 시스템 개편 ···········································································44
다. 학령인구 감소에 따른 교육체계 개편 ····················································································45
라. 미래교육환경 개선 ·················································································································45
4. 신위험사회 도래 속 재난안전/복지 정책의 대응 ································································46
가. 우리나라 재난안전 제도 개선을 위한 노력 ···········································································47
나. 기후변화로 인한 위기 심각성과 이를 극복하기 위한 정책 ····················································48
다. 인구구조 변화로 인한 생애주기 맞춤형 사회복지 서비스 개편 ·············································48
라. 신위험사회 도래로 인한 에너지복지 강화 방안 ·····································································49
제3장 대국민 정책연구 수요 조사
제1절 조사개요 ····················································································································53
1. 설문조사 배경 및 목적 ·······································································································53
2. 설문조사 설계 ·····················································································································53
3. 조사내용 ·····························································································································54
4. 자료처리 및 분석방법 ·········································································································56
제2절 응답자 특성 ···············································································································57
1. 설문 응답자의 주요 특성 ····································································································57
제3절 설문 조사 결과 ··········································································································591. 인구감소 시대의 사회문제 인식 ··························································································59
가. 사회문제 인식 ·······················································································································59
나. 사회문제 해결을 위해 중시하는 가치 ····················································································66
다. 저출산 현상 원인 ··················································································································75
라. 인구감소 위기 대응 정책 방향 ······························································································78
2. 디지털 시대 경제의 변화와 노동시장 ·················································································80
가. 지역경제 활성화를 위한 정책적 노력 ····················································································80
나. 비수도권 청년인력 확보 대책의 상대적 중요성 ·····································································82
다. 대기업과 중소기업간 격차 대응 방식의 효과성 ·····································································84
라. 국가산업발전 산업 주체 역할 ································································································86
마. 신산업 분야 소규모 기업 육성을 위한 정책적 노력 ······························································89
바. 분야별 스타트업 육성정책의 필요성 ······················································································89
사. 자율규제 유형별 효과성 ········································································································92
아. 물가안정 기간 ·······················································································································93
자. 가계부채 대응 정책 우선순위 ································································································96
차. 중고령자 취업정책 수요 ········································································································99
카. 탄소중립사회 전환 원칙 ······································································································103
타. 일자리 소멸 대응 정책 ········································································································105
3. 인구감소 시대의 지역문제: 지역소멸 대응과 지방자치 ·····················································108
가. 지역소멸 문제 심각성 인식 ·································································································108
나. 지역소멸 대응 정책 인식 ····································································································110
다. 지역소멸에 대한 의견 공감도 ······························································································113
라. 정보제공 이후 지역소멸 문제 심각성 인식 변화 ·································································116
마. 정보제공 이후 지역소멸에 대한 의견 공감도 변화 ·····························································119
바. 지역소멸 방지 및 지속적 발전을 위한 정책 인식 ·······························································122
사. 지역별 주민 삶의 질 수준 차이 ··························································································123
아. 주민 삶의 질 격차 요인 인식 ·····························································································128
자. 지역소멸 방지를 위한 중앙정부 및 지방자치단체의 역할 중요성 ········································132
차. 고향사랑기부제 관련 인식 ···································································································140
카. 재정지원 제도의 지역소멸 대응 기여도 ··············································································149
타. 지방소멸대응기금의 효과적 운영을 위한 조치 중요도 ·························································153
파. 지역소멸 시대 대응을 위한 지방자치단체 운영 형태 평가 ··················································155
4. 학령인구 감소 시대의 교육의 위기와 기회 ·······································································157
가. 어린이와 청소년의 삶의 질 향상을 위한 요건 ····································································157
나. 국내교육에 영향을 미치는 대내외 환경 변화 ······································································168다. 우리나라 교육 양극화 문제·································································································169
라. 교육 환경 변화에 따른 교육 이슈 대응 방안 ······································································177
마. 지방대학 소멸 대응 방안 ····································································································179
바. 비도시지역 교육 접근성 문제 해결 방안 ·············································································191
사. 학교 교육의 생활･진로･직업에서의 활용성 ·········································································196
아. 미래사회 대응을 위한 학교의 역할 및 기능 중요성에 대한 의견 ·······································198
자. 평생학습 활성화 방안 ·········································································································205
차. 디지털 교육 인프라 활용 방안에 대한 의견 ·······································································211
카. 학교폭력 예방과 대응 관련 책임 주체 ················································································214
타. 학교폭력 예방 및 대응 대책 설립을 위한 고려 요인 필요성에 대한 의견 ··························215
5. 신위험사회 도래와 재난안전 및 복지 정책의 방향 ···························································217
가. 우리나라 및 지역사회 안전 수준에 대한 의견 ····································································217
나. 인구집단별 안전도에 대한 의견 ··························································································219
다. 인구감소 시대의 재난안전 문제에 대한 인식 ······································································221
라. 지역 간 사회적 안전망 및 안전도 편차에 대한 인식 ··························································223
마. 사회복지 수준 및 사회복지 지출 확대에 관한 인식 ····························································224
바. 사회적 취약계층 지원의 필요성에 관한 인식 ······································································225
사. 소득보장 관련 내용 동의 정도 ····························································································227
아. 은퇴 이후 연금 관련 내용 동의 정도 ·················································································227
자. 에너지 취약계층 및 에너지 지원 정책에 관한 인식 ····························································228
제4장 국민정책 수요와 연구 주제 발굴
제1절 연구 주제 도출 개요 ·······························································································235
1. 2023 정책수요 국민 조사 주요 결과 및 의의 ·································································235
가. 인구소멸과 디지털 시대의 경제, 산업 및 노동의 사회변화 대응 ········································236
나. 인구감소 시대의 지역문제: 지역소멸 대응과 지방자치 ························································236
다. 학령인구 감소시대의 교육의 위기와 기회 ···········································································237
라. 신위험사회 대응을 위한 재난안전 및 복지정책의 방향 ·······················································239
2. 연구 주제 도출의 목적 ·····································································································239
제2절 이슈별 연구주제 ·······································································································241
1. 디지털 시대 경제의 변화와 노동시장 ···············································································241
가. 디지털 시대 경제･사회변화 대응 연구 ················································································241나. 디지털 시대의 노동 관련 연구 ····························································································244
다. 디지털 시대의 지역활성화 연구 ··························································································247
라. 디지털 시대를 대비한 위기가계 지원 방안 연구 ·································································249
2. 인구감소 시대의 지역문제: 지역소멸 대응과 지방자치 ·····················································251
가. 지역소멸 대응 정책 효과성 연구 ························································································251
나. 인구정책 및 인구감소 대응 연구 ························································································254
다. 지역소멸 방지를 위한 지역발전 연구 ··················································································257
라. 지역소멸 방지를 위한 지역 간 연계협력 연구 ····································································259
마. 인구변화에 따른 지방행정체제 개편 연구 ···········································································261
바. 지역소멸과 중앙-지방 간 관계 연구 ···················································································263
3. 학령인구 감소시대의 교육의 위기와 기회 ·········································································264
가. 고등교육(대학) 체계 개편 연구 ···························································································264
나. 디지털 교육과 공교육 내실화 관련 연구 ·············································································266
다. 교육재정 내실화 방안 연구 ·································································································270
라. 지역소멸과 교육 체계 개편 ·································································································271
마. 학령인구감소 시대의 교원 공급 및 양성 관련 연구 ····························································275
바. 대내외 교육환경 변화에 따른 새로운 교육수요 대응 연구 ··················································279
사. 저출산 시대의 돌봄과 양육의 국가적 책임에 대한 연구 및 기타 연구 ·······························283
4. 신위험사회 도래와 재난안전 및 복지 정책의 방향 ···························································286
가. 미래 환경변화에 따른 정책대응 관련 연구 ·········································································286
나. 미래 환경변화에 따른 사회적 약자 보호 관련 연구 ····························································289
다. 정책수요자 관점의 재난관리정책 관련 연구 ········································································292
라. 정책개선을 위한 현행 재난안전 및 복지정책의 평가 연구 ··················································295
제3절 융합과제 연구 주제 발굴 ·························································································297
1. 융합과제 연구주제 도출 개요 ···························································································297
2. 각 주제별 융합과제 연구주제 및 주요 내용 ·····································································298
제4절 결론 ·························································································································303
1. 2023 정책연구 국민 수요 조사의 성과와 한계 ································································303
2. 2024년 정책연구 국민수요 조사의 계획 ··········································································304
￭ 부록 2023 대국민 정책수요조사 설문 ···············································································305
￭ 참고문헌 ·····························································································································337표 차례
<표 2-1> 주요 키워드와 출처 ·················································································································18
<표 2-2> 1차 분석 결과 주요 키워드 ·····································································································19
<표 2-3> 2차 구조적 모델링 분석 결과 ·································································································24
<표 2-4> 최종주제 및 상위분류 ··············································································································28
<표 2-5> 경제 관련 주요 토픽 ···············································································································37
<표 2-6> 지역소멸관련 주요 토픽 ···········································································································40
<표 2-7> 교육관련 주요 토픽 ·················································································································44
<표 2-8> 재난안전 및 복지 주요 토픽 ···································································································47
<표 3-1> 설문조사 내용 ··························································································································54
<표 3-2> 설문조사 응답자 특성 ··············································································································57
<표 3-3> 비수도권 청년인력 확보정책의 우선순위 ·················································································83
<표 3-4> 은퇴 후 노동시장 참여 의향 ·································································································102
<표 4-1> 연구주제 및 필요성: 디지털 시대 경제･사회적 변화 대응 ····················································242
<표 4-2> 연구내용 및 진행방식: 디지털 시대 경제･사회변화 대응 ······················································243
<표 4-3> 연구주제, 목적 및 필요성: 디지털 시대의 노동 ····································································244
<표 4-4> 연구내용 및 설계: 디지털 시대의 노동 ·················································································246
<표 4-5> 연구주제, 목적 및 필요성: 디지털 시대의 지역활성화 ··························································248
<표 4-6> 연구내용 및 설계: 디지털 시대의 지역활성화 ·······································································248
<표 4-7> 연구주제, 목적 및 필요성: 디지털 시대를 대비한 위기가계 지원 방안 ································249
<표 4-8> 연구내용 및 설계: 디지털 시대를 대비한 위기 가계 지원 방안 ···········································250
<표 4-9> 연구주제, 목적 및 필요성: 지역소멸 대응정책 효과성 ··························································251
<표 4-10> 연구내용 및 설계: 지역소멸 대응정책 효과성 ·····································································253
<표 4-11> 연구주제, 목적 및 필요성: 인구정책 및 인구감소 대응 ······················································254
<표 4-12> 연구내용 및 설계: 인구정책 및 인구감소 대응 ···································································256
<표 4-13> 연구주제, 목적 및 필요성: 지역소멸 방지를 위한 지역발전 ···············································257
<표 4-14> 연구내용 및 설계: 지역소멸 방지를 위한 지역발전 ····························································258
<표 4-15> 연구주제, 목적 및 필요성: 지역소멸 방지를 위한 지역 간 연계협력 ··································260
<표 4-16> 연구내용 및 설계: 지역소멸 방지를 위한 지역 간 연계협력 ···············································260
<표 4-17> 연구주제, 목적 및 필요성: 인구변화에 따른 지방행정체제 개편 ·········································261
<표 4-18> 연구내용 및 설계: 인구변화에 따른 지방행정체제 ······························································262<표 4-19> 연구주제, 목적 및 필요성: 지역소멸과 중앙-지방 간 관계 ················································263
<표 4-20> 연구내용 및 설계: 지역소멸과 중앙-지방 간 관계 ·····························································264
<표 4-21> 연구주제, 목적 및 필요성: 고등교육(대학) 체계 개편 ·························································265
<표 4-22> 연구내용 및 설계: 고등교육(대학) 체계 개편 ······································································265
<표 4-23> 연구주제, 목적 및 필요성: 디지털 교육과 공교육 내실화 ···················································267
<표 4-24> 연구내용 및 설계: 디지털 교육과 공교육 내실화 ································································268
<표 4-25> 연구주제, 목적 및 필요성: 교육재정 내실화 방안 ······························································270
<표 4-26> 연구내용 및 설계: 교육재정 내실화 방안 ···········································································271
<표 4-27> 연구주제, 목적 및 필요성: 지역소멸과 지역교육 체계 개편 ···············································272
<표 4-28> 연구내용 및 설계: 지역소멸과 지역교육 체계 개편 ····························································274
<표 4-29> 연구주제, 목적 및 필요성: 학령인구 감소 시대의 교원 공급 및 양성 ································276
<표 4-30> 연구내용 및 설계: 학령인구 감소 시대의 교원 공급 및 양성 ·············································277
<표 4-31> 연구주제, 목적 및 필요성: 대내외 교육환경 변화에 따른 새로운 교육수요 대응 ···············280
<표 4-32> 연구내용 및 설계: 대내외 교육환경 변화에 따른 새로운 교육수요 대응 연구 주요 내용 ·· 281
<표 4-33> 연구주제, 목적 및 필요성: 저출산 시대의 돌봄과 양육의 국가적 책임 ······························283
<표 4-34> 연구내용 및 설계: 저출산 시대의 돌봄과 양육의 국가적 책임 ···········································285
<표 4-35> 연구주제, 목적 및 필요성: 미래 환경변화에 따른 정책대응 ···············································286
<표 4-36> 연구내용 및 설계: 미래 환경변화에 따른 정책대응 ····························································288
<표 4-37> 연구주제, 목적 및 필요성: 미래 환경변화에 따른 사회적 약자 보호 ··································290
<표 4-38> 연구내용 및 설계: 미래 환경변화에 따른 사회적 약자 보호 ···············································291
<표 4-39> 연구주제, 목적 및 필요성: 정책수요자 관점의 재난관리정책 ··············································293
<표 4-40> 연구내용 및 설계: 정책수요자 관점의 재난관리정책 ···························································294
<표 4-41> 연구주제, 목적 및 필요성: 정책개선을 위한 현행 재난안전 및 복지정책 평가 ··················296
<표 4-42> 연구내용 및 설계: 정책개선을 위한 현행 재난안전 및 복지정책 평가 ·······························296
<표 4-43> 융합과제 연구주제 및 내용: 디지털 시대경제/노동시장 ······················································298
<표 4-44> 융합과제 연구주제 및 내용: 지역소멸 및 지방자치 ····························································300
<표 4-45> 융합과제 연구주제 및 내용: 교육/재난 및 복지 ·································································301
<표 4-46> 주제 간 통합 융합과제 연구주제 및 내용 ···········································································302그림 차례
[그림 1-1] 연구설계도 ·····························································································································11
[그림 2-1] 구조적 토픽모델링의 개념도 ·································································································17
[그림 2-2] 주제 개수 별 모형적합도 통계치 ··························································································23
[그림 2-3] 주제 개수 별 배타도 및 의미 일관성 분포 ···········································································23
[그림 2-4] MDS 결과기반 주제들 간 거리 분석 ···················································································32
[그림 2-5] 주제 간 관계성 분석 ·············································································································33
[그림 2-6] 시간 별 주제 등장 변화 ········································································································35
[그림 2-7] 매체 별 주제 등장 변화 추이 ·······························································································36
[그림 3-1] 경제 및 산업 문제 인식 ········································································································59
[그림 3-2] 경제 및 산업문제 인식: 인구특성 ·························································································61
[그림 3-3] 인구구조 변화 문제 인식 ······································································································62
[그림 3-4] 인구구조 변화 문제 인식: 인구특성 ······················································································63
[그림 3-5] 사회 양극화 및 갈등 문제 인식 ····························································································64
[그림 3-6] 사회양극화 및 갈등문제 인식: 인구특성 ···············································································65
[그림 3-7] 사회문제 해결을 위해 중시하는 가치 ····················································································66
[그림 3-9] 평등 vs 자유: 인구특성 ········································································································68
[그림 3-10] 고부담고복지 vs 저부담저복지: 인구특성 ···········································································70
[그림 3-11] 개인생활 vs 업무･성과: 인구특성 ·······················································································71
[그림 3-12] 청년 일자리 및 고용 vs 정년 연장: 인구특성 ····································································72
[그림 3-13] 소수자 배려 vs 개인주의: 인구특성 ···················································································74
[그림 3-14] 정부개인 vs 민간해결: 인구특성 ························································································75
[그림 3-15] 저출산 현상 원인 ················································································································76
[그림 3-16] 저출산 현상 원인: 인구특성 ································································································77
[그림 3-17] 인구감소 위기 대응을 위한 정책 방향성 ············································································78
[그림 3-18] 인구감소 위기 대응 정책 방향성: 인구특성 ········································································79
[그림 3-19] 지역경제 활성화 정책 효과성 ·····························································································80
[그림 3-20] 인구감소 위기와 지역경제 활성화 정책 효과성 ··································································81
[그림 3-21] 판단계층도 ··························································································································82
[그림 3-29] 신사업 육성정책 효과성 ······································································································91
[그림 3-31] 규제개선 효과성과 규제방식 간 관계 ··················································································93[그림 3-33] 학력과 물가안정 예상 기간 ·································································································95
[그림 3-34] 소득과 물가안정 예상 기간 ·································································································96
[그림 3-35] 가계부채 해소방안 우선순위 ·······························································································97
[그림 3-38] 연령별 노동장려 정책의 필요성 ··························································································99
[그림 3-39] 중고령자 노동장려 정책 필요성: 소득별 ···········································································100
[그림 3-40] 중고령자 노동장려 정책대안의 필요성 ··············································································101
[그림 3-41] 중고령자 노동장려 정책대안: 경제활동 ·············································································102
[그림 3-42] 정의로운 전환 방식 ···········································································································103
[그림 3-43] 정의로운 전환 방식: 학력 ·································································································104
[그림 3-44] 정의로운 전환 방식: 정치성향 ··························································································105
[그림 3-45] 일자리 소멸 대응방안(1, 2순위) ·······················································································106
[그림 3-46] 일자리 소멸 대응 방안(1, 2순위): 경제활동 ·····································································107
[그림 3-47] 일자리 소멸 대응 방안(1, 2순위): 소득 ···········································································107
[그림 3-48] 지역소멸 문제 심각성 ·······································································································108
[그림 3-49] 지역소멸 문제 심각성: 인구특성 ·······················································································109
[그림 3-50] 지역소멸 대응 정책별 인식 ·······························································································111
[그림 3-51] 지역소멸 대응정책: 지역 ···································································································112
[그림 3-52] 지역소멸 대응 정책: 인구특성 ··························································································113
[그림 3-53] 지역소멸에 대한 의견 공감도 ···························································································114
[그림 3-54] 지역소멸 견해: 개인 중시 가치 ························································································115
[그림 3-55] 지역소멸 심각성: 정보제공 후 ··························································································117
[그림 3-56] 지역과 지역소멸 심각성: 정보제공 후 ··············································································117
[그림 3-57] 인구특성과 지역소멸 심각성: 정보제공 후 ········································································118
[그림 3-58] 지역소멸 의견 공감도: 정보제공 후 ··················································································120
[그림 3-59] 인구특성과 지역소멸 의견 공감도: 정보제공 후 ·······························································120
[그림 3-60] 사회문제와 지역소멸 의견 공감도(1): 정보제공 후 ···························································121
[그림 3-61] 사회문제와 지역소멸 의견 공감도(2): 정보제공 후 ···························································121
[그림 3-62] 지역소멸 방지 정책 인식 ··································································································122
[그림 3-63] 지역소멸 방지 정책: 지역 ·································································································123
[그림 3-64] 지역별 주민 삶의 질 수준 차이 ························································································124
[그림 3-65] 수도권/비수도권 삶의 질 격차: 인구특성 ·········································································125
[그림 3-66] 인구특성과 대도시/중소시군 삶의 질 격차 ·······································································126
[그림 3-67] 수도권 vs 비수도권 삶의 질 격차: 사회문제 의식 ···························································127
[그림 3-68] 대도시권 vs 중소시군 삶의 질 격차: 사회문제 의식 ·······················································128[그림 3-69] 주민 삶의 질 격차요인 ·····································································································129
[그림 3-70] 주민 삶의 질 격차: 지역 ··································································································130
[그림 3-71] 주민 삶의 질 격차: 인구특성 ····························································································131
[그림 3-72] 분야별 중앙정부 역할 ·······································································································133
[그림 3-73] 분야별 지방자치단체 역할 ·································································································133
[그림 3-74] 지역과 중앙정부의 역할 ····································································································134
[그림 3-75] 지역과 지방자치단체의 역할 ·····························································································135
[그림 3-76] 지방자치단체의 역할: 인구특성 ·························································································136
[그림 3-77] 중앙/지방자치단체 역할: 교육분야 ····················································································137
[그림 3-78] 중앙/지방자치단체 역할: 산업/경제 분야 ·········································································138
[그림 3-79] 중앙/지방자치단체 역할: 보건/의료 분야 ·········································································139
[그림 3-80] 중앙/지방자치단체 역할: 교통/주거 분야 ·········································································139
[그림 3-81] 중앙/지방자치단체 역할: 문화/환경 분야 ·········································································140
[그림 3-82] 고향사랑기부제 인지: 지역 ·······························································································141
[그림 3-83] 지역별 고향사랑기부제 인지 ·····························································································142
[그림 3-84] 고향사랑기부제 인지: 인구특성 ·························································································143
[그림 3-85] 고향사랑기부제 인지: 지역소멸 심각성 ·············································································143
[그림 3-86] 고향사랑기부금 납부 의향 ·································································································144
[그림 3-87] 고향사랑기부금 납부 의향: 지역 ·······················································································144
[그림 3-88] 고향사랑기부금 납부 의향: 인구특성 ················································································145
[그림 3-89] 고향사랑기부금 납부 의향: 사회문제 의식 ········································································146
[그림 3-90] 고향사랑기부금 연간 부담 의향 금액 ···············································································146
[그림 3-91] 고향사랑기부금 부담 의향 금액: 지역 ··············································································147
[그림 3-92] 고향사랑기부금 부담 의향 금액: 인구특성 ········································································148
[그림 3-93] 고향사랑기부금 부담 의향 금액: 사회문제 의식 ·······························································149
[그림 3-94] 재정지원 제도별 지역소멸 대응 기여도 ············································································150
[그림 3-95] 국가균형발전 특별회계 기여도: 지역 ················································································151
[그림 3-96] 지역상생발전 기금 기여도: 지역 ·······················································································152
[그림 3-97] 지역소멸대응기금 기여도: 지역 ·························································································152
[그림 3-98] 지방소멸대응기금 효과적 운영 대응 방안 ·········································································153
[그림 3-99] 지방소멸대응기금 효과적 운영 대응 방안: 지역 ·······························································154
[그림 3-100] 지방소멸대응기금 효과적 운영 대응 방안: 사회문제 인식 ··············································154
[그림 3-101] 지방소멸 대응을 위한 자치단체 운영 형태 ·····································································155
[그림 3-102] 지역소멸 대응을 위한 자치단체 운영 형태: 지역 ···························································156[그림 3-103] 아이들 삶의 질 향상을 위한 요건 ··················································································158
[그림 3-104] 학업 부담의 감소 ············································································································159
[그림 3-105] 건강한 신체 ····················································································································160
[그림 3-106] 고민을 털어놓을 수 있는 개인 혹은 기관 설립 ······························································161
[그림 3-107] 건강한 부모와의 관계 형성을 위한 일과 가정 양립 사회 ···············································163
[그림 3-108] 다양한 사회적 활동(봉사 등) 참여 지원 및 확대 ···························································164
[그림 3-109] 다양한 문화 및 체육 활동 기회 제공 ·············································································166
[그림 3-110] 또래집단과의 원만한 관계 형성 ······················································································168
[그림 3-111] 교육에 영향을 미치는 환경변화 ······················································································169
[그림 3-112] 우리나라 교육 양극화에 대한 의견 분포 ········································································169
[그림 3-113] 우리나라 교육 양극화에 대한 의견 분포: 현재 수준 ······················································170
[그림 3-114] 우리나라 교육 양극화에 대한 의견 분포: 5년 후 전망 ··················································171
[그림 3-115] 교육 양극화 현상 극복을 위한 정부 투자 필요성 ··························································172
[그림 3-116] 가정환경(소득, 부모의 관심과 지원)의 차이 극복 ···························································173
[그림 3-117] 학교 간 교육력의 차이(특수고, 자율형 사립고 등) 완화 ················································174
[그림 3-118] 지역의 교육여건과 환경 차이 완화 ·················································································175
[그림 3-119] 학벌주의 숭상에 대한 경직된 사회문화적 분위기 완화 ··················································176
[그림 3-120] 교원 공급 규모 재설정 ···································································································178
[그림 3-121] 교육 재정이 우선적으로 투자되어야 하는 교육단계 ························································179
[그림 3-122] 대학 자생력 강화 지원 정책 방향성 ···············································································180
[그림 3-123] 규제개혁을 통한 대학 자생력 강화 정책 효과성 ····························································181
[그림 3-124] 가정환경(소득, 부모의 관심과 지원)의 차이 극복 ···························································182
[그림 3-125] 대학재정지원 권한 지방자치로의 이양 및 위임 ······························································183
[그림 3-126] 정부(교육부) 주도 대학 개혁 지양 ··················································································184
[그림 3-127] 자발적 대학 정원감축 및 대학 간 통합 시 우선 재정 지원 ···········································185
[그림 3-128] 비수도권 대학 정부 우선 지원 확대 정책 효과성 ··························································186
[그림 3-129] 공공기관 지역인재 채용 확대 ·························································································187
[그림 3-130] 수도권 교육 중심, 비수도권 연구 중심 대학으로 개편 ···················································188
[그림 3-131] 대학-지역산업 연계 강화를 통한 지역 일자리 생성 지원 확대 ······································189
[그림 3-132] 대학 간 특성화 분야 공유 협업 체계 지원 ····································································190
[그림 3-133] 청년층 탈출 비도시지역 교육 접근성 해결 방안 ····························································192
[그림 3-134] 재정적 조건 ····················································································································193
[그림 3-135] 인적조건 ·························································································································194
[그림 3-136] 제도적 조건 ····················································································································195[그림 3-137] 거버넌스 조건 ·················································································································196
[그림 3-138] 노동시장 내 학교교육의 활용성 ······················································································197
[그림 3-139] 노동시장 내 초중고 교육 활용성 ····················································································198
[그림 3-140] 미래 사회 대응을 위한 학교의 기능과 역할 ···································································199
[그림 3-141] 자기 주도 학습 등 학습방법 및 문제해결력 교육 ··························································200
[그림 3-142] 공동체 역량 및 협동･협업 역량 교육 ·············································································201
[그림 3-143] 디지털 역량 강화 교육 ···································································································202
[그림 3-144] 미래진로 및 직업에 대한 탐색 및 교육 ··········································································203
[그림 3-145] 아동･학생들의 보육 및 돌봄 ···························································································203
[그림 3-146] 학생 중심의 문화, 체육, 예술 등 창의적 교육 ·······························································204
[그림 3-147] 평생확습 활성화 방해요인 해결 방안 ·············································································206
[그림 3-148] 고용상태에서 평생학습을 가로막는 고용 및 조직 환경 ··················································207
[그림 3-149] 정규직과 비정규직 간의 평생학습 참여 기회의 불평등 문제 ··········································208
[그림 3-150] 노동시장에 즉각적으로 투입할 수 있는 직무 관련 평생학습 콘텐츠 시간,
비용 등의 문제 ···············································································································209
[그림 3-151] 평생학습 교육이 기업 채용으로 이루어지지 않는 구조적 문제 ······································210
[그림 3-152] 디지털 교육 인프라 활용 방안 ·······················································································212
[그림 3-153] 디지털 인프라 교육의 장점 ·····························································································213
[그림 3-154] 디지털 교육 인프라 활용의 우려 사항 ···········································································214
[그림 3-155] 학교폭력 예방과 대응관련 책임 주체 ·············································································215
[그림 3-156] 학교폭력 예방 및 대응 대책 설립을 위한 고려 요인 필요성 ·········································216
[그림 3-157] 피해자와 가해자 대상 맞춤형 심리적 치유 프로그램 실시 ·············································216
[그림 3-158] 우리나라 및 지역사회 안전 수준에 대한 인식 ································································217
[그림 3-159] 우리나라 및 지역사회가 안전하지 않다고 생각하는 이유 ···············································218
[그림 3-160] 재난･안전사고의 최우선 책임 주체 ·················································································219
[그림 3-161] 국가 안전도 인식: 인구특성 ···························································································220
[그림 3-162] 재난상황별 취약한 인구집단에 대한 인식 ·······································································221
[그림 3-163] 인구감소 시대의 재난안전 문제에 대한 인식 ·································································222
[그림 3-164] 사회적 안전망에 대한 지역 간 편차 심각성 ···································································223
[그림 3-165] 안전도에 대한 인식 ········································································································223
[그림 3-166] 전반적인 사회복지 수준에 관한 인식 ·············································································224
[그림 3-167] 공공 사회복지 지출 확대에 관한 인식 ···········································································224
[그림 3-168] 사회복지 지출 확대 지지자 중 세금 추가부담 의향 ·······················································225
[그림 3-169] 세금 추가부담 반대 이유 ································································································225[그림 3-170] 사회적 취약계층의 지원 필요성 ······················································································226
[그림 3-171] 전통적 및 새로운 사회적 취약계층 지원 비중 ································································226
[그림 3-172] 소득보장 관련 동의 수준 ································································································227
[그림 3-173] 은퇴 이후 연금 관련 동의 ······························································································228
[그림 3-174] 집단별 에너지 위기 상황 취약 정도 ···············································································229
[그림 2-175] 에너지 취약계층 지원 확대 필요성 ·················································································229
[그림 3-176] 난방비 상승으로 인한 경제적 부담 정도 ········································································230
[그림 3-177] 난방비 정부 지원 충분 여부 ···························································································230
[그림 3-178] 난방비 관련 정책적 지원의 필요성 ·················································································231