대한민국의 미래를 디자인하는 글로벌 집현전경제ㆍ인문사회연구회

주요내용

요약/내용

□ 출산율은 인간의 가치관, 생활여건, 과거에서 미래까지의 경험과 예측 등이 모두 녹아든 종합지표
○ 따라서, 출산율의 심대한 변화는 사회의 구성원 또는 사회 자체가 급격한 변화를 맞이하고
있고 이러한 변화에 경제사회적 대응이 부적절했음을 의미함.
□ 결혼 및 출산의 감소는 경제사회적 환경변화와 청년세대의 선호 변화를 배경으로 가속화
○ 경제사회적 관점에서 여성의 역할변화에 따른 맞벌이 구조의 확산과 젊은 세대의 선호변화는
출산에 대한 선호를 낮추는 역할
노동수요 증가와 교육수준 상승으로 여성의 노동시장 참여가 확대되는 사회변화에도 불구하고
가정의 가사노동과 돌봄노동이 여전히 여성에게 집중되고, 노동현장의 성차별 문제가 지속
되는 등 사회제도의 변화가 뒷받침되지 않아 여성들의 불만이 증폭되고 결혼과 출산에
대한 회피경향이 강화됨.
또한, 젊은 세대에서의 페미니즘 확산과 개인주의 심화도 낮은 출산율에 영향
□ 우리나라에서는 최근까지 저출산이 미래의 경제사회적 문제를 야기하는 원인으로, 그리고 적극적
으로 극복해야 하는 문제현상으로 인식되어 옴
○ 출산율이 급격히 하락하면서 중장기적으로 생산가능인구가 감소할 것이고 이는 잠재경제성
장률을 낮추는 주요 원인으로 지목
고령화의 진전으로 부양해야 하는 노령인구의 비율이 높아지는 상황에서 청년인구의 감소는
사회복지차원의 부담으로 귀결되어 재정건전성을 악화시키는 요인으로 거론
○ 인구고령화와 함께 저출산은 소득분배와 사회전반의 효율성 차원의 문제로도 지적
□ 저출산이 경제적 성장과 사회적 비용을 악화시키는 주요 요인이라는 인식에서 정부는 출산율
제고를 정책의 최우선순위로 설정하고 출산에 따르는 직접적 비용을 지원하는 관점의 정책을
실시하였으나 정책효과는 제한적
○ 경제적 지원으로 출산을 하려는 가구는 일부에 불과하기 때문에 정책의 효과성이 일시적으로
만 나타났을 뿐 장기적으로 지속가능한 출산율 제고로 이어지는데 한계가 있었음.
□ 저출산 현상을 사회적 문제라고 인식하기보다 사회적 문제에 따른 결과로 수용하여 정책대응을
지원이 아닌 제도적 재편으로 전환할 필요

목차

Part Ⅰ. 총론
출산정책의 새로운 패러다임: Rebalancing ·································3
제1절 문제의 제기 ····················································3
1. 출산에 대한 인식 ·······················································3
2. 출산 정책의 변천 ·······················································6
3. 저출산 정책의 집행 ·····················································9
4. 저출산 정책에 대한 평가 ···············································1·1
제2절 출산율 추이 ···················································14
1. 인구구조의 변화 ·······················································41
2. 출산율 추이를 통한 시사점 ·············································7·1
제3절 시대의 변화 ···················································18
1. 경제·사회적 관점 ······················································81
2. 세대의 선호 변화 ······················································91
제4절 새로운 균형의 지향 ·············································32
제5절 패러다임의 전환···············································03
Part Ⅱ. 저출산 현상에 대한 부문별 고찰
결혼과 출산의 소득계층 및 사회경제적 지위 간 격차 분석·················1··4
제1절 들어가는 말 ···················································41
제2절 소득계층별 출산율 변화 ·········································24
제4절 사회계층별 유배우 출산율 변화·································6·5
제5절 현금지원이 유배우 출산율에 미치는 효과의 소득계층별 차이·······1··6
제6절 결론과 정책적 시사점··········································46
정부의 저출산 대책의 변화 과정 및 현황과 저출산 대책 평가체계 분석·····8···6
제1절 저출산 대책 진단 ··············································86
1. 국가의 저출산 대책 ····················································86
2. 저출산 대책의 한계 ····················································37
제2절 저출산 대책의 평가 체계 ········································08
1. 저출산 고령사회 기본계획 평가 체계 ····································0··8
2. 저출산 고령사회정책 평가제도의 한계와 문제점 ··························1···8
3. 개별 저출산 대응 정책 평가 관련 선행 연구 ·····························3···8
성평등 관점과 저출산 대응정책의 방향··································8·8
제1절 들어가며 ······················································8
제2절 저출산과 성평등에 대한 이론적 논의·····························98
제3절 여성고용률과 출산율의 관계: 국제비교 자료 분석·················4··9
제4절 새로운 청년세대의 일과 가족 전망 ······························106
제5절 소결 및 정책방향 제언 ·········································116
1. 연구요약 ····························································116
2. 정책방향 ····························································118
직업안정성과 출산 ···················································122
제1절 연구의 배경 ··················································122
1. 출산율 하락 추세 지속 ················································12
2. 저출산 원인 분석에 대한 관심 증대 ·····································4·21