대한민국의 미래를 디자인하는 글로벌 집현전경제ㆍ인문사회연구회

주요내용

혁신성장’이란 ‘혁신’을 중심으로 ‘경제성장’을 지속하는 정책과 전략을 지칭한다. 국가별로는 혁신에 보다 우호적인 환경, 제도 및 시스템 등에 따라 혁신성장의 성과 차이가 발생한다. 혁신성장에 관한 연구는 곧 이러한 기제가 제대로 작동하는지의 여부를 점검하는 작업이다. 혁신성장을 추동하는 ‘혁신동력’에 대한 연구와 이를 둘러싸고 있는 ‘기제’의 고찰을 통해, 경제 환경의 변화 즉 디지털 전환기에 부합하는 ‘혁신성장 생태계’를 설계할 필요성과 시급성이 매우 크다는 문제의식이 이번 협동연구의 배경이다. 혁신성장연구단은 2차 연도 협동연구의 연구 방향을 ‘디지털 전환을 위한 기반 구축 및 제도 개선’으로 설정하고, 혁신성장을 위한 ‘디지털 전환’이라는 과제를 수행하기위해, 1) 혁신 동력으로서 우리나라 혁신생태계의 역량을 파악하고, 2) 그러한 생태계를 작동시키는 데이터와 제도·시스템을 다루며, 3) 그 생태계 안에서 활동하는 각 부문·주체의 현황 및 사례를 다루었다. 

본 보고서는 혁신성장의 목표를 ‘혁신생태계 조성, 디지털 전환 및 데이터 경제 실현으로 생산성 중심 성장 지속’으로 제안하고 있다. 무엇보다도, ‘연계’와 ‘통합’을 통한 혁신 생태계 조성의 중요성을 강조하고 있다. 정부는 ‘좋은’ 데이터와 제도가 연결-융합되어 시너지를 발휘할 수 있는 생태계 조성을 지원하고, 이의 토대 위에서 각 부문이 생산성을 발휘해 더 좋은 가치를 창출하도록 지원하는 데 역량을 집중할 것을 주문한다. 정부의 혁신 관련 정책은 공급 중심에서 혁신을 통한 내생적 성장을 뒷받침하는 방향으로 전환해야 함을 지적한다. ‘혁신성장’은 ‘혁신성장의 목표’에 부합된 정책과 제도의 뒷받침을 통해 내생적으로 이루어지는 것이 가장 바람직한데, 그 실현 방식은 각 국가가 처한 경제·사회적 환경에 따라 다를 수 있다. 그럼에도 4차 산업혁명 시대에는 ‘디지털 전환’이 곧 ’혁신‘의 필수요건임을 강조한다. 마지막으로, 본 보고서는 ‘혁신성장’이 지속되기 위해서는 사회적 공감대와 신뢰에 기초한 사회적 안정이 전제되어야 함을 보여준다. ‘혁신성장에 대한 국민의 인식 및 수용성 조사’ 결과는 정책입안자들에게 이러한 시사점을 제공한다.

요약/내용

‘혁신성장’이란 ‘혁신’을 중심으로 ‘경제성장’을 지속하는 정책과 전략을 지칭한
다. 국가별로는 혁신에 보다 우호적인 환경, 제도 및 시스템 등에 따라 혁신성장의
성과 차이가 발생한다. 혁신성장에 관한 연구는 곧 이러한 기제가 제대로 작동하
는지의 여부를 점검하는 작업이다. 혁신성장을 추동하는 ‘혁신동력’에 대한 연구와
이를 둘러싸고 있는 ‘기제’의 고찰을 통해, 경제 환경의 변화 즉 디지털 전환기에
부합하는 ‘혁신성장 생태계’를 설계할 필요성과 시급성이 매우 크다는 문제의식이
이번 협동연구의 배경이다.
혁신성장연구단은 2차 연도 협동연구의 연구 방향을 ‘디지털 전환을 위한 기반 구축
및 제도 개선’으로 설정하고, 혁신성장을 위한 ‘디지털 전환’이라는 과제를 수행하기
위해, 1) 혁신 동력으로서 우리나라 혁신생태계의 역량을 파악하고, 2) 그러한 생태계를
작동시키는 데이터와 제도・시스템을 다루며, 3) 그 생태계 안에서 활동하는 각 부문・
주체의 현황 및 사례를 다루었다.
본 보고서는 혁신성장의 목표를 ‘혁신생태계 조성, 디지털 전환 및 데이터 경제 실현으
로 생산성 중심 성장 지속’으로 제안하고 있다. 무엇보다도, ‘연계’와 ‘통합’을 통한 혁신
생태계 조성의 중요성을 강조하고 있다. 정부는 ‘좋은’ 데이터와 제도가 연결-융합되어
시너지를 발휘할 수 있는 생태계 조성을 지원하고, 이의 토대 위에서 각 부문이 생산성을
발휘해 더 좋은 가치를 창출하도록 지원하는 데 역량을 집중할 것을 주문한다.
정부의 혁신 관련 정책은 공급 중심에서 혁신을 통한 내생적 성장을 뒷받침하는 방향
으로 전환해야 함을 지적한다. ‘혁신성장’은 ‘혁신성장의 목표’에 부합된 정책과 제도의
뒷받침을 통해 내생적으로 이루어지는 것이 가장 바람직한데, 그 실현 방식은 각 국가가
처한 경제・사회적 환경에 따라 다를 수 있다. 그럼에도 4차 산업혁명 시대에는 ‘디지털
전환’이 곧 ’혁신‘의 필수요건임을 강조한다.
마지막으로, 본 보고서는 ‘혁신성장’이 지속되기 위해서는 사회적 공감대와 신뢰에
기초한 사회적 안정이 전제되어야 함을 보여준다. ‘혁신성장에 대한 국민의 인식 및
수용성 조사’ 결과는 정책입안자들에게 이러한 시사점을 제공한다.

목차

제1부􀀁 총론
제1장􀀁 혁신성장􀀁 연구􀀁 현황􀀁 및􀀁 향후􀀁 연구􀀁 과제 ··································································· 3
제1절􀀁 혁신성장􀀁 연구􀀁 현황 ······················································································ 3
1.􀀁 혁신성장􀀁 연구의􀀁 필요성 ···················································································· 3
2.􀀁 혁신성장􀀁 연구􀀁 현황 ···························································································· 4
3.􀀁 향후􀀁 연구􀀁 과제 ··································································································· 4
제2절􀀁 2차연도􀀁 협동연구􀀁 결과 ················································································ 6
1.􀀁 연구의􀀁 틀 ············································································································ 6
2.􀀁 부문별􀀁 연구􀀁 결과 ······························································································· 7
제2장􀀁 혁신성장􀀁 정책􀀁 제언 ·································································································· 33
제1절􀀁 혁신성장에􀀁 대한􀀁 경제전문가􀀁 및􀀁 일반국민􀀁 인식􀀁 조사 ···························· 33
1.􀀁 조사􀀁 개요 ·········································································································· 33
2.􀀁 혁신성장에􀀁 대한􀀁 국민(기업인)􀀁 인식􀀁 조사 ····················································· 36
3.􀀁 혁신성장􀀁 추진􀀁 방향 ·························································································· 42
4.􀀁 혁신역량􀀁 제고 ··································································································· 43
5.􀀁 혁신성장과􀀁 삶의􀀁 질 ·························································································· 49
6.􀀁 기업환경 ············································································································ 51
제2절􀀁 전체􀀁 요약􀀁 및􀀁 핵심􀀁 정책􀀁 제언 ··································································· 54
1.􀀁 전제􀀁 종합 ·········································································································· 54
2.􀀁 정책􀀁 방향 ·········································································································· 55
3.􀀁 정책􀀁 추진􀀁 방법 ································································································· 55
제2부􀀁 혁신생태계
제3장􀀁 한국의􀀁 산업별􀀁 총요소생산성􀀁 추계􀀁 및􀀁 생산성􀀁 분해 ··············································· 61
제1절􀀁 문제􀀁 제기􀀁 ··································································································· 61
제2절􀀁 산업별􀀁 총요소생산성􀀁 추계􀀁 및􀀁 국제비교 ·················································· 64
1.􀀁 전산업의􀀁 총요소생산성􀀁 ·················································································· 64
2.􀀁 제조업의􀀁 총요소생산성􀀁 ·················································································· 67
3.􀀁 서비스업의􀀁 총요소생산성􀀁 ··············································································· 69
4.􀀁 업종별􀀁 총요소생산성􀀁 증가율􀀁 비교 ·································································· 71
제3절􀀁 ICT􀀁 부문별􀀁 총요소생산성􀀁 분석 ································································· 75
1.􀀁 ICT􀀁 부문별􀀁 부가가치􀀁 비중􀀁 ············································································ 75
2.􀀁 ICT􀀁 부문별􀀁 고용비중 ······················································································· 75
3.􀀁 ICT􀀁 부문별􀀁 총요소생산성􀀁 추계 ······································································· 78
제4절􀀁 총요소생산성과􀀁 단일요소생산성의􀀁 관계 ··················································· 86
1.􀀁 기존􀀁 연구 ·········································································································· 86
2.􀀁 총요소생산성􀀁 분해􀀁 결과 ·················································································· 87
제5절􀀁 시사점 ·········································································································· 94
제4장􀀁 주력산업􀀁 및􀀁 중소기업􀀁 R&D􀀁 생산성􀀁 진단 ····························································· 108
제1절􀀁 문제의􀀁 제기 ······························································································· 108
1.􀀁 성장률􀀁 하락􀀁 및􀀁 주력산업의􀀁 위기 ·································································· 108
2.􀀁 중소기업의􀀁 연구개발(R&D)􀀁 투자􀀁 확대에도􀀁 불구􀀁 기술양극화􀀁 심화 ·········· 110
제2절􀀁 주력산업의􀀁 R&D􀀁 생산성􀀁 진단 ·································································· 114
제3절􀀁 중소기업의􀀁 R&D􀀁 생산성􀀁 진단 ·································································· 119
제4절􀀁 R&D􀀁 생산성􀀁 향상􀀁 방안 ············································································ 126
1.􀀁 주력산업 ··········································································································· 126
2.􀀁 중소기업 ··········································································································· 129
제5장􀀁 벤처캐피탈(VC)􀀁 생태계􀀁 분석 ················································································· 140
제1절􀀁 들어가는􀀁 말􀀁 ····························································································· 140
1.􀀁 연구􀀁 배경􀀁 ······································································································· 140
2.􀀁 연구􀀁 개요 ········································································································· 145